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--- linux:start [2026/04/26 22:11] – mh
+++ linux:start [2026/04/26 22:17] (current) – mh
@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 free -h             # memory usage
 </code>
+====== Storage & Filesystems ======
+===== Mounting =====
+=== List mounts: ===
+<code bash>
+findmnt
+</code>
+=== List disks: ===
+<code bash>
+lsblk
+</code>
+=== Mount: ===
+<code bash>
+sudo mkdir -p /media/DRIVE
+sudo mount /dev/sdX# /media/DRIVE
+</code>
+=== Unmount: ===
+<code bash>
+sudo umount /media/DRIVE
+</code>
+----
+==== Samba ====
+Manage service:
+<code bash>
+sudo systemctl start smbd
+sudo systemctl stop smbd
+sudo systemctl restart smbd
+</code>
+----
+===== Mount/Repair NTFS =====
+If an NTFS volume mounts as read-only, it is usually due to an unclean shutdown or filesystem inconsistency.
+Attempt repair:
+<code bash>
+sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdX#
+</code>
+Then remount:
+<code bash>
+sudo mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdX# /mnt/ntfs
+</code>
+Create mount point if needed:
+<code bash>
+sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ntfs
+</code>
+<WRAP info>
+**Notes:**
+  * ''ntfsfix'' performs basic repairs and clears the "dirty" flag
+  * Full repair should be done from Windows using ''chkdsk''
+  * If the issue persists, ensure Windows Fast Startup is disabled
+</WRAP>
+===== Repair FAT32 filesystem errors =====
+If a FAT32 filesystem mounts as read-only, it is often due to detected corruption.
+Check kernel logs:
+<code bash>
+dmesg
+</code>
+Typical errors:
+<code bash>
+FAT-fs (sdb1): error, corrupted directory (invalid entries)
+FAT-fs (sdb1): Filesystem has been set read-only
+FAT-fs (sdb1): error, invalid access to FAT
+</code>
+Repair the filesystem:
+<code bash>
+sudo umount /dev/sdX#
+sudo fsck.vfat -a -w /dev/sdX#
+</code>
+  * ''-a'' automatically repair filesystem
+  * ''-w'' write changes to disk
+Note: Ensure the correct device is targeted before running ''fsck''.
+====== File & Data Operations ======
+===== Shell toolbox =====
+==== File operations ====
+=== Mass renaming ===
+Uppercase .JPG to lowercase .jpg
+<code bash>
+for i in *.JPG; do mv "$i" "${i/.JPG/.jpg}"; done
+</code>
+Alternative (rename tool):
+<code bash>
+rename 's/\.JPG$/.jpg/' *.JPG
+</code>
+----
+=== Empty a file ===
+<code bash>
+: > /path/to/file
+</code>
+----
+==== Text processing ====
+=== cut ===
+Extract part of a string:
+<code bash>
+date | cut -c17-24
+</code>
+----
+==== Archives ====
+=== tar ===
+<code bash>
+# Extract
+tar -xvf file.tar
+tar -xvzf file.tar.gz
+# Create
+tar -cvf file.tar /path/folder
+tar -cvzf file.tar.gz /path/folder
+</code>
+Flags:
+  * ''c'' create archive
+  * ''x'' extract archive
+  * ''v'' verbose (list files processed)
+  * ''f'' specify archive file
+  * ''z'' gzip compression
+----
+====== User Environment ======
 ===== PATH =====
@@ Line 315: / Line 488: @@
 </WRAP>
-===== Repair FAT32 filesystem errors =====
+===== Video playback (minimal UI) =====
-If a FAT32 filesystem mounts as read-only, it is often due to detected corruption.
+==== mpv (recommended) ====
-Check kernel logs:
+Lightweight video player with minimal UI, suitable for clean output on external displays.
+Example:
 <code bash>
-dmesg
+mpv --fs --no-border --ontop --geometry=+3200 --osd-level=0 video.mp4
 </code>
-Typical errors:
+Common options:
-<code bash>
+<code>
-FAT-fs (sdb1): error, corrupted directory (invalid entries)
+--fs            # fullscreen
-FAT-fs (sdb1): Filesystem has been set read-only
+--no-border     # remove window decorations
-FAT-fs (sdb1): error, invalid access to FAT
+--ontop         # keep window above others
+--geometry=+X+Y # window position (multi-display setups)
+--osd-level=0   # disable on-screen display
 </code>
-Repair the filesystem:
+Configuration file:
-<code bash>
+<code>
-sudo umount /dev/sdX#
+~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf
-sudo fsck.vfat -a -w /dev/sdX#
+</code>
+----
+==== mplayer (legacy) ====
+Legacy setup kept for reference.
+Configuration files:
+  */etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
+  *~/.mplayer/config
+  *~/.mplayer/input.conf
+  *~/.mplayer/menu.conf
+Example options:
+<code>
+fs=yes
+noborder=yes
+ontop=yes
+geometry=+3200
+osdlevel=0
 </code>
-  * ''-a'' automatically repair filesystem
-  * ''-w'' write changes to disk
-Note: Ensure the correct device is targeted before running ''fsck''.
+====== Specialized & Recovery ======
 ===== Data recovery =====
@@ Line 382: / Line 579: @@
 Note: This is a recovery attempt, not a guaranteed repair method. For valuable data, stop using the disk immediately and clone/image it before experimenting.
-===== Mount/Repair NTFS =====
-If an NTFS volume mounts as read-only, it is usually due to an unclean shutdown or filesystem inconsistency.
-Attempt repair:
-<code bash>
-sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdX#
-</code>
-Then remount:
-<code bash>
-sudo mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdX# /mnt/ntfs
-</code>
-Create mount point if needed:
-<code bash>
-sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ntfs
-</code>
-<WRAP info>
-**Notes:**
-  * ''ntfsfix'' performs basic repairs and clears the "dirty" flag
-  * Full repair should be done from Windows using ''chkdsk''
-  * If the issue persists, ensure Windows Fast Startup is disabled
-</WRAP>
-===== Video playback (minimal UI) =====
-==== mpv (recommended) ====
-Lightweight video player with minimal UI, suitable for clean output on external displays.
-Example:
-<code bash>
-mpv --fs --no-border --ontop --geometry=+3200 --osd-level=0 video.mp4
-</code>
-Common options:
-<code>
---fs            # fullscreen
---no-border     # remove window decorations
---ontop         # keep window above others
---geometry=+X+Y # window position (multi-display setups)
---osd-level=0   # disable on-screen display
-</code>
-Configuration file:
-<code>
-~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf
-</code>
-----
-==== mplayer (legacy) ====
-Legacy setup kept for reference.
-Configuration files:
-  */etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
-  *~/.mplayer/config
-  *~/.mplayer/input.conf
-  *~/.mplayer/menu.conf
-Example options:
-<code>
-fs=yes
-noborder=yes
-ontop=yes
-geometry=+3200
-osdlevel=0
-</code>
 ===== Using Apple USB SuperDrive =====
@@ Line 667: / Line 785: @@
 </WRAP>
-===== Shell toolbox =====
-==== File operations ====
-=== Mass renaming ===
-Uppercase .JPG to lowercase .jpg
-<code bash>
-for i in *.JPG; do mv "$i" "${i/.JPG/.jpg}"; done
-</code>
-Alternative (rename tool):
-<code bash>
-rename 's/\.JPG$/.jpg/' *.JPG
-</code>
-----
-=== Empty a file ===
-<code bash>
-: > /path/to/file
-</code>
-----
-==== Text processing ====
-=== cut ===
-Extract part of a string:
-<code bash>
-date | cut -c17-24
-</code>
-----
-==== Archives ====
-=== tar ===
-<code bash>
-# Extract
-tar -xvf file.tar
-tar -xvzf file.tar.gz
-# Create
-tar -cvf file.tar /path/folder
-tar -cvzf file.tar.gz /path/folder
-</code>
-Flags:
-  * ''c'' create archive
-  * ''x'' extract archive
-  * ''v'' verbose (list files processed)
-  * ''f'' specify archive file
-  * ''z'' gzip compression
-----
-==== Mounting ====
-=== List mounts: ===
-<code bash>
-findmnt
-</code>
-=== List disks: ===
-<code bash>
-lsblk
-</code>
-=== Mount: ===
-<code bash>
-sudo mkdir -p /media/DRIVE
-sudo mount /dev/sdX# /media/DRIVE
-</code>
-=== Unmount: ===
-<code bash>
-sudo umount /media/DRIVE
-</code>
-----
-==== Samba ====
-Manage service:
-<code bash>
-sudo systemctl start smbd
-sudo systemctl stop smbd
-sudo systemctl restart smbd
-</code>
-----
 ==== Package management ====