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--- linux:start [2026/04/26 15:37] – [apt and dpkg] mh
+++ linux:start [2026/04/26 22:17] (current) – mh
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
   -**[[linux:eGPU|Razer Core eGPU]]**
   -**[[linux:RBS|Razer Blade Stealth in Linux]]**
+====== System & Diagnostics ======
+===== Logs =====
+Common system logs:
+<code>
+/var/log/syslog
+</code>
+View recent entries:
+<code bash>
+tail -f /var/log/syslog
+</code>
+List recently modified log files:
+<code bash>
+ls -lt /var/log
+</code>
+<WRAP info>
+**Notes:**
+  * ''tail -f'' follows logs in real time
+  * On systemd systems, ''journalctl'' is often preferred
+</WRAP>
+===== System information =====
+=== General overview: ===
+<code bash>
+inxi -F
+</code>
+=== Distribution: ===
+<code bash>
+lsb_release -d
+</code>
+=== Kernel: ===
+<code bash>
+uname -snrm
+</code>
+Flags:
+  *''s'': kernel name
+  *''n'': network node hostname
+  *''r'': kernel relase number
+  *''m'': machine hardware name
+=== CPU: ===
+<code bash>
+lscpu
+cat /proc/cpuinfo
+</code>
+=== Memory: ===
+<code bash>
+free -h
+</code>
+=== Mounted filesystems: ===
+<code bash>
+df -h
+</code>
+=== Kernel modules: ===
+<code bash>
+lsmod
+</code>
+=== Bash history: ===
+<code bash>
+history
+</code>
+----
+===== Diagnostics =====
+<code bash>
+uptime              # load average
+dmesg -T | tail     # recent kernel messages
+vmstat 1            # system performance
+mpstat -P ALL 1     # CPU usage per core
+pidstat             # process statistics
+free -h             # memory usage
+</code>
+====== Storage & Filesystems ======
+===== Mounting =====
+=== List mounts: ===
+<code bash>
+findmnt
+</code>
+=== List disks: ===
+<code bash>
+lsblk
+</code>
+=== Mount: ===
+<code bash>
+sudo mkdir -p /media/DRIVE
+sudo mount /dev/sdX# /media/DRIVE
+</code>
+=== Unmount: ===
+<code bash>
+sudo umount /media/DRIVE
+</code>
+----
+==== Samba ====
+Manage service:
+<code bash>
+sudo systemctl start smbd
+sudo systemctl stop smbd
+sudo systemctl restart smbd
+</code>
+----
+===== Mount/Repair NTFS =====
+If an NTFS volume mounts as read-only, it is usually due to an unclean shutdown or filesystem inconsistency.
+Attempt repair:
+<code bash>
+sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdX#
+</code>
+Then remount:
+<code bash>
+sudo mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdX# /mnt/ntfs
+</code>
+Create mount point if needed:
+<code bash>
+sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ntfs
+</code>
+<WRAP info>
+**Notes:**
+  * ''ntfsfix'' performs basic repairs and clears the "dirty" flag
+  * Full repair should be done from Windows using ''chkdsk''
+  * If the issue persists, ensure Windows Fast Startup is disabled
+</WRAP>
+===== Repair FAT32 filesystem errors =====
+If a FAT32 filesystem mounts as read-only, it is often due to detected corruption.
+Check kernel logs:
+<code bash>
+dmesg
+</code>
+Typical errors:
+<code bash>
+FAT-fs (sdb1): error, corrupted directory (invalid entries)
+FAT-fs (sdb1): Filesystem has been set read-only
+FAT-fs (sdb1): error, invalid access to FAT
+</code>
+Repair the filesystem:
+<code bash>
+sudo umount /dev/sdX#
+sudo fsck.vfat -a -w /dev/sdX#
+</code>
+  * ''-a'' automatically repair filesystem
+  * ''-w'' write changes to disk
+Note: Ensure the correct device is targeted before running ''fsck''.
+====== File & Data Operations ======
+===== Shell toolbox =====
+==== File operations ====
+=== Mass renaming ===
+Uppercase .JPG to lowercase .jpg
+<code bash>
+for i in *.JPG; do mv "$i" "${i/.JPG/.jpg}"; done
+</code>
+Alternative (rename tool):
+<code bash>
+rename 's/\.JPG$/.jpg/' *.JPG
+</code>
+----
+=== Empty a file ===
+<code bash>
+: > /path/to/file
+</code>
+----
+==== Text processing ====
+=== cut ===
+Extract part of a string:
+<code bash>
+date | cut -c17-24
+</code>
+----
+==== Archives ====
+=== tar ===
+<code bash>
+# Extract
+tar -xvf file.tar
+tar -xvzf file.tar.gz
+# Create
+tar -cvf file.tar /path/folder
+tar -cvzf file.tar.gz /path/folder
+</code>
+Flags:
+  * ''c'' create archive
+  * ''x'' extract archive
+  * ''v'' verbose (list files processed)
+  * ''f'' specify archive file
+  * ''z'' gzip compression
+----
+====== User Environment ======
 ===== PATH =====
@@ Line 214: / Line 488: @@
 </WRAP>
-===== Repair FAT32 filesystem errors =====
+===== Video playback (minimal UI) =====
-If a FAT32 filesystem mounts as read-only, it is often due to detected corruption.
+==== mpv (recommended) ====
-Check kernel logs:
+Lightweight video player with minimal UI, suitable for clean output on external displays.
+Example:
 <code bash>
-dmesg
+mpv --fs --no-border --ontop --geometry=+3200 --osd-level=0 video.mp4
 </code>
-Typical errors:
+Common options:
-<code bash>
+<code>
-FAT-fs (sdb1): error, corrupted directory (invalid entries)
+--fs            # fullscreen
-FAT-fs (sdb1): Filesystem has been set read-only
+--no-border     # remove window decorations
-FAT-fs (sdb1): error, invalid access to FAT
+--ontop         # keep window above others
+--geometry=+X+Y # window position (multi-display setups)
+--osd-level=0   # disable on-screen display
 </code>
-Repair the filesystem:
+Configuration file:
-<code bash>
+<code>
-sudo umount /dev/sdX#
+~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf
-sudo fsck.vfat -a -w /dev/sdX#
 </code>
-  * ''-a'' automatically repair filesystem
+----
-  * ''-w'' write changes to disk
-Note: Ensure the correct device is targeted before running ''fsck''.
+==== mplayer (legacy) ====
+Legacy setup kept for reference.
+Configuration files:
+  */etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
+  *~/.mplayer/config
+  *~/.mplayer/input.conf
+  *~/.mplayer/menu.conf
+Example options:
+<code>
+fs=yes
+noborder=yes
+ontop=yes
+geometry=+3200
+osdlevel=0
+</code>
+====== Specialized & Recovery ======
 ===== Data recovery =====
@@ Line 281: / Line 579: @@
 Note: This is a recovery attempt, not a guaranteed repair method. For valuable data, stop using the disk immediately and clone/image it before experimenting.
-===== Mount/Repair NTFS =====
-If an NTFS volume mounts as read-only, it is usually due to an unclean shutdown or filesystem inconsistency.
-Attempt repair:
-<code bash>
-sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdX#
-</code>
-Then remount:
-<code bash>
-sudo mount -t ntfs3 /dev/sdX# /mnt/ntfs
-</code>
-Create mount point if needed:
-<code bash>
-sudo mkdir -p /mnt/ntfs
-</code>
-<WRAP info>
-**Notes:**
-  * ''ntfsfix'' performs basic repairs and clears the "dirty" flag
-  * Full repair should be done from Windows using ''chkdsk''
-  * If the issue persists, ensure Windows Fast Startup is disabled
-</WRAP>
-===== Video playback (minimal UI) =====
-==== mpv (recommended) ====
-Lightweight video player with minimal UI, suitable for clean output on external displays.
-Example:
-<code bash>
-mpv --fs --no-border --ontop --geometry=+3200 --osd-level=0 video.mp4
-</code>
-Common options:
-<code>
---fs            # fullscreen
---no-border     # remove window decorations
---ontop         # keep window above others
---geometry=+X+Y # window position (multi-display setups)
---osd-level=0   # disable on-screen display
-</code>
-Configuration file:
-<code>
-~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf
-</code>
-----
-==== mplayer (legacy) ====
-Legacy setup kept for reference.
-Configuration files:
-  */etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
-  *~/.mplayer/config
-  *~/.mplayer/input.conf
-  *~/.mplayer/menu.conf
-Example options:
-<code>
-fs=yes
-noborder=yes
-ontop=yes
-geometry=+3200
-osdlevel=0
-</code>
 ===== Using Apple USB SuperDrive =====
@@ Line 566: / Line 785: @@
 </WRAP>
-===== Shell toolbox =====
-==== File operations ====
-=== Mass renaming ===
-Uppercase .JPG to lowercase .jpg
-<code bash>
-for i in *.JPG; do mv "$i" "${i/.JPG/.jpg}"; done
-</code>
-Alternative (rename tool):
-<code bash>
-rename 's/\.JPG$/.jpg/' *.JPG
-</code>
-----
-=== Empty a file ===
-<code bash>
-: > /path/to/file
-</code>
-----
-==== Text processing ====
-=== cut ===
-Extract part of a string:
-<code bash>
-date | cut -c17-24
-</code>
-----
-==== Archives ====
-=== tar ===
-<code bash>
-# Extract
-tar -xvf file.tar
-tar -xvzf file.tar.gz
-# Create
-tar -cvf file.tar /path/folder
-tar -cvzf file.tar.gz /path/folder
-</code>
-Flags:
-  * ''c'' create archive
-  * ''x'' extract archive
-  * ''v'' verbose (list files processed)
-  * ''f'' specify archive file
-  * ''z'' gzip compression
-----
-==== Mounting ====
-List mounts:
-<code bash>
-findmnt
-</code>
-List disks:
-<code bash>
-lsblk
-</code>
-Mount:
-<code bash>
-sudo mkdir -p /media/DRIVE
-sudo mount /dev/sdX# /media/DRIVE
-</code>
-Unmount:
-<code bash>
-sudo umount /media/DRIVE
-</code>
-----
-==== Samba ====
-Manage service:
-<code bash>
-sudo systemctl start smbd
-sudo systemctl stop smbd
-sudo systemctl restart smbd
-</code>
-----
 ==== Package management ====
@@ Line 682: / Line 800: @@
 ----
-==== System information ====
-General overview:
-<code bash>
-inxi -F
-</code>
-Distribution:
-<code bash>
-lsb_release -d
-</code>
-Kernel:
-<code bash>
-uname -snrm
-</code>
-CPU:
-<code bash>
-lscpu
-cat /proc/cpuinfo
-</code>
-Memory:
-<code bash>
-free -h
-</code>
-Mounted filesystems:
-<code bash>
-df -h
-</code>
-Kernel modules:
-<code bash>
-lsmod
-</code>
-Bash history:
-<code bash>
-history
-</code>
-----
-==== Diagnostics ====
-<code bash>
-uptime              # load average
-dmesg -T | tail     # recent kernel messages
-vmstat 1            # system performance
-mpstat -P ALL 1     # CPU usage per core
-pidstat             # process statistics
-free -h             # memory usage
-</code>
-====== Legacy ======
-===== List info =====
-=== Display all information ===
-<code bash>
-$ inxi -F
-</code>
-//Read the manual, inxi is a very powerful tool to quickly get an overview of a full hardware setup//
-=== Distrib ===
-<code bash>
-$ lsb_release -d
-</code>
-=== CPU ===
-Basic
-<code bash>
-$ lscpu
-</code>
-Detailed, core-specific information, output /proc/cpuinfo
-<code bash>
-$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
-</code>
-On Macs :
-<code bash>
-$ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string
-</code>
-=== Mounted devices ===
-<code bash>
-$ df -h
-</code>
-=== Kernel ===
-<code bash>
-$ uname -snrm
-</code>
-  *s : kernel name
-  *n : network node hostname
-  *r : kernel relase number
-  *m : machine hardware name
-[[ http://www.tecmint.com/useful-linux-commands-for-system-administrators/]]
-=== Kernel modules ===
-<code bash>
-$ lsmod
-</code>
-=== Bash history ===
-<code bash>
-$ history
-</code>
-=== D-Bus/system bus history ===
-<code bash>
-$ gdbus
-$ g-feet //gui history
-</code>
-=== Motherboard information ===
-<code bash>
-$ sudo dmidecode | grep -A3 ‘^System Information’
-</code>
-//dmidecode spurns out a lot of information if you want to query your system//
-=== Diagnostics & Tools ===
-<code bash>
-$ uptime [load Average]
-$ dmesg -T | tail [Kernel errors]
-$ vmstat 1 [Virtual memory and detailed information]
-$ mpstat -P ALL 1 [CPU state]
-$ pidstat [processes]
-$ free -m [memory]
-$ atop [main overview]
-</code>
-===== Debug & Logs =====
-''/var/log/syslog''
-Check in ''/var/log'' which file was last changed. Use :
-<code bash>
-$ls -lart //inverted sorted by time. Last entry is latest modified
-</code>
-===== Misc Ressources =====
+===== Additional Ressources =====
-  *[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key#Configuration|SysRq Keys]] -- Best combo is ''Alt + SysRq + R E I S U B''
+  ***[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_SysRq_key#Configuration|SysRq Keys]]** -- Best combo is ''Alt + SysRq + R E I S U B''
-  *[[https://www.guruadvisor.net/en/software-saas/465-advanced-linux-troubleshooting-methods-and-tools-for-diagnostics-and-problem-identification|Advanced Linux Troubleshooting]]
+  ***[[https://www.guruadvisor.net/en/software-saas/465-advanced-linux-troubleshooting-methods-and-tools-for-diagnostics-and-problem-identification|Advanced Linux Troubleshooting]]**
-  *[[https://wiki.networksecuritytoolkit.org/nstwiki/index.php?title=HowTo_Create_A_GPT_Disk_With_EFI_System_And_exFAT_Partitions_Using_Parted|Creating GPT/exFAT partitions using CLI]]
+  ***[[https://wiki.networksecuritytoolkit.org/nstwiki/index.php?title=HowTo_Create_A_GPT_Disk_With_EFI_System_And_exFAT_Partitions_Using_Parted|Creating GPT/exFAT partitions using CLI]]**